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Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay

Received: 16 September 2014     Accepted: 22 September 2014     Published: 30 September 2014
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Abstract

Background: In Ghana, the HIV-1 profile has been quite dynamic. Previous reports identified HIV-1 subtypes A, D and G present and recently the CRF02_AG has been described as the predominant molecular form of HIV-1 in Kumasi, Ghana. This underscores the need for constant molecular characterization of HIV-1 species in the country. Objective: To provide current updates on the nature of HIV subtypes in Ghana, there is need for a user-friendly tool for routine monitoring of subtypes in the absence of cost-intensive and skill-demanding sequencing techniques. This work demonstrates the use of heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for rapid subtype detection of HIV-1 isolated from Ghanaian patients. Method: Viruses from 15 antibody-positive HIV-1 patients were isolated directly by co-culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated donor PBMCs from an HIV seronegative individual and through HeLa cells positive for CD4/CXCR4/CCR5 (MAGIC-5A cells). That was followed by proviral DNA extraction. Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) technique was then performed on the HIV gag gene. Results: Using the HMA technique, newly isolated HIV-1 strains were subtyped as follows: There were seven subtype A (47%), two subtype G (13%) and six (40%) A/G recombinants. Conclusion: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG in Ghana has spread much more rapidly than the previously predominant subtype A over the years. Constant molecular characterization of HIV strains is necessary to enable clear elucidation of the prevailing HIV species in Ghana. This study presents the HMA as a useful tool for monitoring subtype emergence and distribution in the country.

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12
Page(s) 33-37
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HIV-1 Subtype, HMA, Ghana

References
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  • APA Style

    Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi, James Ashun Mensah Brandful, William Kwabena Ampofo, Billal Obeng Musah, Jacob Samson Barnor, et al. (2014). Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2(4), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12

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    ACS Style

    Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi; James Ashun Mensah Brandful; William Kwabena Ampofo; Billal Obeng Musah; Jacob Samson Barnor, et al. Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2014, 2(4), 33-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12

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    AMA Style

    Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi, James Ashun Mensah Brandful, William Kwabena Ampofo, Billal Obeng Musah, Jacob Samson Barnor, et al. Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2014;2(4):33-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12,
      author = {Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi and James Ashun Mensah Brandful and William Kwabena Ampofo and Billal Obeng Musah and Jacob Samson Barnor and Kenzo Tokunaga},
      title = {Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay},
      journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
      volume = {2},
      number = {4},
      pages = {33-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20140204.12},
      abstract = {Background: In Ghana, the HIV-1 profile has been quite dynamic. Previous reports identified HIV-1 subtypes A, D and G present and recently the CRF02_AG has been described as the predominant molecular form of HIV-1 in Kumasi, Ghana. This underscores the need for constant molecular characterization of HIV-1 species in the country. Objective: To provide current updates on the nature of HIV subtypes in Ghana, there is need for a user-friendly tool for routine monitoring of subtypes in the absence of cost-intensive and skill-demanding sequencing techniques. This work demonstrates the use of heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for rapid subtype detection of HIV-1 isolated from Ghanaian patients. Method: Viruses from 15 antibody-positive HIV-1 patients were isolated directly by co-culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated donor PBMCs from an HIV seronegative individual and through HeLa cells positive for CD4/CXCR4/CCR5 (MAGIC-5A cells). That was followed by proviral DNA extraction. Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) technique was then performed on the HIV gag gene. Results: Using the HMA technique, newly isolated HIV-1 strains were subtyped as follows: There were seven subtype A (47%), two subtype G (13%) and six (40%) A/G recombinants. Conclusion: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG in Ghana has spread much more rapidly than the previously predominant subtype A over the years. Constant molecular characterization of HIV strains is necessary to enable clear elucidation of the prevailing HIV species in Ghana. This study presents the HMA as a useful tool for monitoring subtype emergence and distribution in the country.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Rapid Detection of HIV-1 Subtypes in Ghana by Heteroduplex Mobility Assay
    AU  - Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi
    AU  - James Ashun Mensah Brandful
    AU  - William Kwabena Ampofo
    AU  - Billal Obeng Musah
    AU  - Jacob Samson Barnor
    AU  - Kenzo Tokunaga
    Y1  - 2014/09/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12
    T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
    JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
    JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7235
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20140204.12
    AB  - Background: In Ghana, the HIV-1 profile has been quite dynamic. Previous reports identified HIV-1 subtypes A, D and G present and recently the CRF02_AG has been described as the predominant molecular form of HIV-1 in Kumasi, Ghana. This underscores the need for constant molecular characterization of HIV-1 species in the country. Objective: To provide current updates on the nature of HIV subtypes in Ghana, there is need for a user-friendly tool for routine monitoring of subtypes in the absence of cost-intensive and skill-demanding sequencing techniques. This work demonstrates the use of heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for rapid subtype detection of HIV-1 isolated from Ghanaian patients. Method: Viruses from 15 antibody-positive HIV-1 patients were isolated directly by co-culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated donor PBMCs from an HIV seronegative individual and through HeLa cells positive for CD4/CXCR4/CCR5 (MAGIC-5A cells). That was followed by proviral DNA extraction. Heteroduplex Mobility Assay (HMA) technique was then performed on the HIV gag gene. Results: Using the HMA technique, newly isolated HIV-1 strains were subtyped as follows: There were seven subtype A (47%), two subtype G (13%) and six (40%) A/G recombinants. Conclusion: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG in Ghana has spread much more rapidly than the previously predominant subtype A over the years. Constant molecular characterization of HIV strains is necessary to enable clear elucidation of the prevailing HIV species in Ghana. This study presents the HMA as a useful tool for monitoring subtype emergence and distribution in the country.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

  • School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

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